People with mast cell issues typical treatment approach is:
- Reduce foods high in histamine
- Avoid probiotics that produces histamine
- Use DAO supplements.
There is a fourth leg that should be added to this three legged stool. Probiotics (and other substances) that impacts DAO levels. Some could argue that they impact DAO because they produce histamines. That may be true in some rare cases, but many of the items listed below are not known to produce histamine.
More information on PubMed: Histamine Intolerance-The More We Know the Less We Know. A Review [2021].
The production and activity of DAO can be regulated by various factors, including hormones, inflammatory mediators, and the presence of substrates like histamin. Difference probiotics produces different enzymes which may inhibit or assist with the production of DAO.
The probiotics, impact and study used are listed below:
- Increases DAO
- Saccharomyces boulardii [1999]
- Clostridium butyricum, Bifidobacterium infantis [2019]
- Mixture of Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis [2023]
- Comment: I suspect the increase above was due to CB only
- Clostridium butyricum [2020]
- Clostridium butyricum [2019]
- Lactobacillus johnsonii [2021]
- Decreases DAO
- Akkermansia muciniphila [2020]
- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens [2022]
- Bacillus licheniformis [2013]
- Bacillus subtilis [2023]
- Bacillus coagulans [2021]
- Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus plantarum [2022]
- Clostridium butyricum [2018]
- Clostridium butyricum [2016]
- Lactobacillus plantarum [2019]
- Lactobacillus plantarum [2017]
- Bifidobacterium Mixture [2017]
- Bifidobacterium bifidum Combined with Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis [2023]
- Lactobacillus paracasei, L. rhamnosus, L. acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium lactis [2018]
- Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis [2022]
- Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus [2014]
- Lactococcus petauri, Bacillus siamensis [2022]
- Lactobacillus paracasei [2022]
- Pediococcus pentosaceus [2022]
- Streptococcus thermophiles [2020]
- Dietary live yeast and mannan-oligosaccharide [2016]
- Sodium butyrate and probiotics [2022]
- Sodium Butyrate [2022]
Reviewing the studies is recommended. In some cases DAO levels were raised due to infection, i.e. Escherichia coli K88; and the probiotic may be inhibiting the increase due to the infection though reducing the infection and not actually impacting DAO levels.
Other Common Supplements and DAO or Histamine
Niacin
- Excess nicotinamide increases plasma serotonin and histamine levels[2013] Note: this is non-flushing version of niacin (chemically different)
- [Nicotinamide and histamine shock]. 1947
- Mechanism of histamine-release inhibition by nicotinamide in in vitro antigen-antibody reaction [1961]
- “nicotinamide partially inhibits the in vitro release of histamine ” [1963]
- “Release of PGD2 [due to niacin] was not accompanied by a release of histamine which was assessed by quantification of plasma levels of the histamine metabolite,” [1989]
- CONCLUSION: Niacin by itself does not cause histamine release (except with excessive use of one form of niacin)
- “Moreover, it[Niacin] led to a significant rise in DAO levels on day 30 (p < 0.05). Niacin supplementation significantly reduced the LPS levels on day 30 (p < 0.05).” [1992]
What is needed are control studies measuring DAO levels in humans with different probiotics. The above illustrates that probiotics are likely to make good or bad differences.
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